Brahmin, Himachal India
Study statistics
- Loci
- 20 Autosomal STRs
- Allele type
- Length-based alleles
- Sample size
- 170
- Population
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Brahmin
More studies with this population - Location
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Himachal Pradesh, India
More studies with this location
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Bibliographic information
- Date published
- June 1, 2022
- Title
- Insight into the Genetic and Forensic Attributes of Brahmin Population of Himachal Pradesh, India
- Authors
- Vivek Sahajpal, Abhishek Singh, Mukesh Thakur, Deepika Bhandari, and Shivkant Sharma
- Journal
- Gene Reports
- Abstract
-
We evaluated the genetic polymorphism of Brahmin population of Himachal Pradesh using the PowerPlex® 21 System (Promega, USA). Altogether, we observed 200 alleles among 170 genetically unrelated individuals of the Brahmin population by using 20 STR loci with average 10 ± 0.75 alleles per locus. The unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the population ranged from 0.70 to 0.93 with an average 0.82 ± 0.01. No locus deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium except D2S1338. Locus Penta E was found to be the most polymorphic with the highest power of discrimination. The combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion was 1 and 0.999999996 for 20 STR loci exhibiting suitability of this select panel of loci in forensic casework and population genetic studies. Additionally, we analysed the phylogenetic relationship of Brahmins of Himachal Pradesh with the available data of Brahmin populations from the other States of India. The results showed relatively high genetic affinity between the Brahmins of Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The study provides novel population genetic data of the Brahmin population of Himachal Pradesh which is forensically important considering the ‘DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019’ recently introduced in Lok Sabha, Government of India in respect of matters under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and for civil matters such as paternity suits and establishment of individual identity.
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- Normalized frequencies
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This check verifies that allele frequencies for each locus add up to 1 within a specified tolerance.
- Misspelled locus names
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Looks for common misspellings such as changing thee number 0 for the letter O.
Forensic parameters
Locus | # | MP | PI | Hobs | Hexp | PIC | PD | PE | HWE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSF1PO | 170 | 0.200 | 1.950 | 0.740 | 0.700 | 0.640 | 0.800 | 0.500 | - |
D12S391 | 170 | 0.050 | 2.560 | 0.800 | 0.850 | 0.830 | 0.950 | 0.610 | - |
D13S317 | 170 | 0.080 | 2.160 | 0.770 | 0.800 | 0.780 | 0.920 | 0.540 | - |
D16S539 | 170 | 0.080 | 2.410 | 0.790 | 0.790 | 0.770 | 0.920 | 0.590 | - |
D18S51 | 170 | 0.070 | 2.560 | 0.800 | 0.800 | 0.780 | 0.930 | 0.610 | - |
D19S433 | 170 | 0.070 | 3.420 | 0.850 | 0.800 | 0.780 | 0.930 | 0.700 | - |
D1S1656 | 170 | 0.030 | 5.860 | 0.910 | 0.900 | 0.890 | 0.970 | 0.830 | - |
D21S11 | 170 | 0.050 | 3.150 | 0.840 | 0.850 | 0.830 | 0.950 | 0.680 | - |
D2S1338 | 170 | 0.040 | 2.160 | 0.770 | 0.870 | 0.860 | 0.960 | 0.540 | - |
D3S1358 | 170 | 0.110 | 2.160 | 0.770 | 0.770 | 0.730 | 0.890 | 0.540 | - |
D5S818 | 170 | 0.120 | 1.280 | 0.610 | 0.720 | 0.680 | 0.880 | 0.300 | - |
D6S1043 | 170 | 0.070 | 3.150 | 0.840 | 0.810 | 0.790 | 0.930 | 0.680 | - |
D7S820 | 170 | 0.080 | 2.160 | 0.770 | 0.780 | 0.750 | 0.920 | 0.540 | - |
D8S1179 | 170 | 0.050 | 3.150 | 0.840 | 0.840 | 0.830 | 0.950 | 0.680 | - |
FGA | 170 | 0.040 | 3.730 | 0.870 | 0.870 | 0.850 | 0.960 | 0.730 | - |
Penta D | 170 | 0.060 | 3.150 | 0.850 | 0.830 | 0.810 | 0.940 | 0.680 | - |
Penta E | 170 | 0.020 | 4.100 | 0.880 | 0.920 | 0.920 | 0.980 | 0.750 | - |
TH01 | 170 | 0.080 | 1.780 | 0.720 | 0.780 | 0.750 | 0.920 | 0.460 | - |
TPOX | 170 | 0.150 | 1.640 | 0.700 | 0.700 | 0.650 | 0.850 | 0.420 | - |
vWA | 170 | 0.060 | 3.150 | 0.840 | 0.820 | 0.800 | 0.940 | 0.680 | - |
Allele frequencies
CSF1PO | D12S391 | D13S317 | D16S539 | D18S51 | D19S433 | D1S1656 | D21S11 | D2S1338 | D3S1358 | D5S818 | D6S1043 | D7S820 | D8S1179 | FGA | PentaD | PentaE | TH01 | TPOX | vWA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 0.006 | 0.055 | ||||||||||||||||||
6 | 0.006 | 0.238 | ||||||||||||||||||
7 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.055 | 0.195 | 0.006 | |||||||||||||||
8 | 0.085 | 0.079 | 0.018 | 0.177 | 0.006 | 0.024 | 0.012 | 0.104 | 0.372 | |||||||||||
9 | 0.018 | 0.11 | 0.213 | 0.006 | 0.049 | 0.067 | 0.012 | 0.238 | 0.049 | 0.274 | 0.091 | |||||||||
9.3 | 0.189 | |||||||||||||||||||
10 | 0.165 | 0.085 | 0.091 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.098 | 0.012 | 0.152 | 0.104 | 0.14 | 0.073 | 0.098 | ||||||||
11 | 0.378 | 0.262 | 0.323 | 0.012 | 0.159 | 0.409 | 0.329 | 0.293 | 0.079 | 0.232 | 0.116 | 0.372 | ||||||||
12 | 0.354 | 0.293 | 0.165 | 0.079 | 0.079 | 0.122 | 0.268 | 0.207 | 0.262 | 0.091 | 0.11 | 0.079 | 0.049 | |||||||
13 | 0.085 | 0.116 | 0.116 | 0.11 | 0.341 | 0.116 | 0.159 | 0.098 | 0.043 | 0.14 | 0.152 | 0.091 | 0.006 | 0.006 | ||||||
13.2 | 0.018 | |||||||||||||||||||
14 | 0.043 | 0.006 | 0.39 | 0.201 | 0.067 | 0.049 | 0.018 | 0.122 | 0.213 | 0.055 | 0.049 | 0.006 | 0.14 | |||||||
14.2 | 0.043 | |||||||||||||||||||
15 | 0.006 | 0.11 | 0.159 | 0.11 | 0.244 | 0.018 | 0.238 | 0.03 | 0.098 | 0.11 | ||||||||||
15.2 | 0.067 | |||||||||||||||||||
15.3 | 0.037 | |||||||||||||||||||
16 | 0.006 | 0.098 | 0.061 | 0.152 | 0.006 | 0.329 | 0.085 | 0.006 | 0.128 | 0.159 | ||||||||||
16.2 | 0.018 | |||||||||||||||||||
16.3 | 0.024 | |||||||||||||||||||
16.4 | 0.012 | |||||||||||||||||||
17 | 0.171 | 0.085 | 0.006 | 0.067 | 0.085 | 0.189 | 0.024 | 0.03 | 0.024 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
17.1 | 0.024 | |||||||||||||||||||
17.3 | 0.012 | 0.037 | ||||||||||||||||||
18 | 0.25 | 0.061 | 0.055 | 0.14 | 0.152 | 0.061 | 0.037 | 0.22 | ||||||||||||
18.3 | 0.018 | 0.012 | ||||||||||||||||||
19 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.104 | 0.006 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.03 | 0.098 | ||||||||||||
19.3 | 0.006 | |||||||||||||||||||
20 | 0.079 | 0.012 | 0.122 | 0.006 | 0.055 | 0.159 | 0.073 | 0.012 | ||||||||||||
21 | 0.079 | 0.024 | 0.012 | 0.128 | 0.012 | 0.006 | ||||||||||||||
21.2 | 0.006 | |||||||||||||||||||
22 | 0.14 | 0.073 | 0.165 | |||||||||||||||||
22.2 | 0.006 | |||||||||||||||||||
23 | 0.055 | 0.189 | 0.171 | 0.006 | ||||||||||||||||
23.2 | 0.018 | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | 0.043 | 0.006 | 0.177 | 0.134 | ||||||||||||||||
24.2 | 0.024 | |||||||||||||||||||
25 | 0.006 | 0.055 | 0.11 | |||||||||||||||||
25.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 0.006 | 0.018 | 0.018 | |||||||||||||||||
27 | 0.012 | 0.006 | ||||||||||||||||||
28 | 0.098 | |||||||||||||||||||
29 | 0.213 | |||||||||||||||||||
30 | 0.207 | |||||||||||||||||||
30.2 | 0.024 | |||||||||||||||||||
31 | 0.043 | |||||||||||||||||||
31.2 | 0.159 | |||||||||||||||||||
32 | 0.006 | |||||||||||||||||||
32.2 | 0.14 |